Thursday, April 3, 2014

Onslaught of Texas Clinics Shut Down Due to Abortion Bill

Maria Esquinca
EL PASO- Texas 

Mimi is 18, scared, and one month pregnant.

She is lying down in a room surrounded by white bare walls. She can feel her heart vibrating through her skin. Two nurses enter, they pour a cold blue gel into her stomach and they do a sonogram.

“Do you want to see the baby?” they ask Mimi.

“No, why would I want to see it?” Mimi replies.

After the nurses leave, the room seems to enlarge. Mimi stares at the bare white walls that surround her. She feels her fear reflected in those dull walls.

Her heart is racing. Her fingers are shacking. You wouldn’t know how scared she by looking at her face.

 She hides her fear carefully manipulating her eyebrows, her mouth, her eyes.

“I was about to go through something that’s not normal.”

At some point between the nurses and the anesthesia something breaks. Her body and mind align.

Slowly, streaks begin streaming down her face. Building in intensity until it’s a rushing uncontrollable stream.

“You don’t have to do the abortion if you don’t want to” the nurses tell her.

But it’s a decision Mimi has made because she believes it’s the best decision she can make for herself and for her unborn baby.

If she decided to have the baby she will get kicked out her house, drop out of school, and be with someone she does not love and who does not respect her. She fears what kind of life she could provide under these circumstances for her child.

In five minutes- it’s over.

It’s the humming sound of a suction machine that she hears last.

 Mimi wasn’t alone; she made a decision many women make.

Abortion is one of the most common surgical procedures.

According to the Guttmacher Institute, at least 1.2 million have an abortion each year. By the age of 20 one in seven women has undergone an abortion. By the age of 45 at least one in three women has had an abortion.

In 2011 there were 73,200 abortions in the state of Texas.

However, many abortion clinics in Texas have closed reducing access to reproductive healthcare for women after Texas House Bill 2 known as the pro-life omnibus bill was passed.

On July 18, 2013 the bill was signed into law by governor Rick Perry surrounded by pro-lfe enthusiasts and was sponsored by Jodie Laubenberg (R-Parker) and Senator Glenn Hegar (R-Katy).

In an interview with the Texas Tribune Hegar stated, “there has been no other piece of legislation that I have ever worked on — nor any that I will ever work on — that has weighed so heavy on my mind, on my heart and literally on my soul.”

Senator and gubernatorial nominee Wendy Davis had killed the bill in the first special session after a 13-hour filibuster but it was later approved by the house and the senate in the second special session.

In a visit to El Paso when asked what Davis would do to help increase access to reproductive healthcare for women if she were to win the governorship Davis stated,

“As a governor I think its imperative that we were to reverse what’s happened in this state and allow women to access safe care again. These are real people with real human impacts that are the victims of political decision makers that are using them for the purpose of advancing their agendas and it needs to stop.”

Texas HB 2 imposes some of the toughest restrictions in the nation. Among the requirements imposed by the bill are, abortions are illegal after 20 weeks of conception, doctors performing abortions need hospital admitting privileges within a 30-mile hospital, and abortion clinics have to meet the infrastructure of a surgical center.

Proponents of the bills say it will help increase safety for women.

According to Emily Horne, Legislative Assistant at Texas Rights for Life, a statewide pro-life organization in Texas that lobbied for Texas HB 2, “higher surgical centers and higher doctor credentials will benefit women.”

However, According to Jerri Lester administrator at Reproductive Services, one of two abortion clinics in El Paso abortion clinics are already heavily regulated for safety.

“There hasn’t been an active death in Texas since 1976.We’re regulated by the Department of Health and Safety. We’re regulated by CLIA (Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendment). We’re constantly looked at by the Fed.”

Critics claim the abortion bill was not passed to increase safety to women but as a political move.

Drew Stanley, Social Media and Innovation Manager for Whole Women’s Health stated, “There is no need to make it safe. The complication rate of abortion is less than 1%. It’s a very safe procedure. This was not designed to protect women it was meant to shut down clinics.”

Stanley cited a controversial tweet by Lieutenant Governor David Dewhurst in which he re-tweeted a picture by a reproductive rights group that stated “If SB5 (Texas HB2) passes it would essentially ban abortion statewide.”

Beside the image Dewhurst tweeted “We fought to pass SB5 through the senate last night and this is why!”

In a statement to the Texas Tribune, Glenn Smith, the director of Progress Texas PAC, a left-leaning policy group, said “He used a pro-choice graphic about the number of clinics that would have to close to make his point that the closing was his goal all along,”

Texas already boasted limited reproductive healthcare before HB2.
According to a report by the Guttmacher Institute, in 2011 93% of Texas counties had no abortion clinic. 35% of Texas women lived in these counties.
The new provisions set in place by Texas HB 2 further restrict access to reproductive healthcare.  
According to the Department of Public Health Services before the restrictions took places there was 40 licenses abortion providers in Texas, now there are 28.
Researchers at the Texas Policy Evaluation Projects said the number of providers still performing abortions in Texas is even lower than the number of licenses providers.
In August, after the hospital admitting provisions took effect only 34 of the licensed providers were still performing abortions.
Currently there are no abortion clinics serving in the Rio Grande Valley, one of the poorest regions of Texas.
Whole Women’s Health was forced to close their clinics in McAllen and Beaumont after their doctors were not able to obtain hospital-admitting privileges.
For women who live in McAllen the nearest clinic is 150 miles away.
The Texas Hospital Association on behalf of 450 member hospitals wrote a statement of opposition to SB5 (HB2):

Requiring a hospital to grant admitting privileges to physicians who do not
provide services inside the hospital is time consuming and expensive for the hospital and does not serve the purpose for which privileges were intended; rather, the Texas Medical Board is the appropriate agency to address whether physicians are delivering appropriate care to patients, as the TMB regulates all physicians. Hospitals should not be required to assume responsibility for the qualifications of physicians who do not practice in the hospital.


The process for doctors to obtain hospital admitting privileges can be complex and vary from hospital to hospital.

“It’s very difficult and that’s why now 21 clinics in Texas have closed. Every hospital has a certain amount of qualifications that their own hospital requires” Lester said.

In an interview with KUT news 90.5 Amy Hagstrom Miller, President and CEO of Whole Woman’s Health said, “some hospitals require an application in order to even get an application."

In February of 2013 Houston doctor Theodore Herring was suspended after he was found to be performing abortions without hospital admitting privileges. He performed 268 abortions between Nov.6 and Feb.7 according to the Texas Medical Board.

According to another report by the Guttmacher Institute titled “Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers” currently there exist ten states that require providers to have admitting privileges.

Planned Parenthood, Whole Women’s Health and the ACLU challenged the constitutionality of the hospital admitting privileges provision of Texas HB2 arguing it violates the due process and equal protections clauses.

Federal District court Judge Lee Yeakel had ruled the provision was indeed unconstitutional.

In his ruling Yeakel wrote:

“The provision requiring doctors to obtain hospital admitting privileges 'does not bear a rational relationship to the legitimate right of the State in preserving and promoting fetal life or a woman's health and, in any event, places a substantial obstacle in the path of a woman seeking an abortion of a nonviable fetus and is thus an undue burden to her.”

However, the state of Texas appealed Yeakel’s ruling, which was recently overturned by a three-judge panel by the 5th Circuit U.S. of Appeals Court.

A 2013 November report by The Alliance for Justice stated that “10 of its 15 active judges were appointed by Republican Presidents, and its decisions often reflect a concerted effort by Republican administrations to impose a conservative policy agenda through the courts.”

The panel was composed of Chief Justice Edith Jones and Judges Jennifer Elrod and Catherine Hayes.

Chief Justice Edith Jones was appointed to the 5th Circuit of U.S. Appeals by Ronald Reagan in 1985.

In her past, Jones had dismissed McCorey v. Hill, a suit challenging the constitutionality though she later wrote to the Supreme Court to overturn the ruling of Roe v. Wade.

Judge Catherine Haynes was appointed by George Bush and in 2013 upheld a Louisiana law that broadens the malpractice liability of abortion providers by allowing women to sue for damage to the fetus.

Despite the court including Judge Lee Yeakel’s that 24 counties in the Rio Grande Valley would be left without an abortion clinic, the court ruled that Yeakel had erred in his decision.

The court did have an exception, stating admitting privileges could not be enforced to clinics that had timely applied for the privileges but have not been informed of the decision.

The regulations set in place by HB 2 has led critics to say it will lead to women attempting self-induced abortions. There’s an ever bigger risk for women living in the Rio Grande valley who can easily cross the border and obtain the abortion pill there.

“Their (women in the RGV) only other option is to go to Mexico. That means they will by an abortion pill in the flea market or seek an unsafe service. Even when we were in McAllen we had women trying to self-induce,” said Stanley.

According to Laster self-induced abortion through the pill could be very dangerous not only to women in the states but in Mexico as well.

“They would be seeking to use the pill in ways its not supposed to be used. There’s going to be bleeding…and vise versa for the women in Mexico. It’s going to be unsafe for them.”

After the hospital admitting privileges are set to take place in September it is estimated that only six clinics will remain open in the whole state of Texas.

Planned Parenthood recently announced it would open a new clinic in San Antonio that meets all the requirements.

The two abortion clinics in El Paso will more than likely close.

Hilltop Reproductive Services declined to comment, however when Lester was asked whether Reproductive Services will be open after September she said, “the affordability of changing it to a surgical center is probably improbable.”

In Pennsylvania where one third of the abortion clinics have closed due to structural requirements similar to the ones enacted by HB 2 a mother was arrested for buying abortion pills for her 16-year-old daughter.

After all the provisions are implemented in September girls like Mimi are going to be left with little options.

When asked what she would’ve done if the nearest abortion clinic were in Austin or San Antonio Mimi said,

“I don’t know what I would’ve done... I probably would’ve packed all my stuff and just left home and had the kid.”